Pages

Showing posts with label Article. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Article. Show all posts

Tuesday, September 3, 2013

The Hobbesian thought: It is “Fear” that subjugates men



Recently I have been talking to some of my friends who work in corporate world i.e., white collar workers. Some had a real fear that with the current state of Indian Economy and a dying rupee their jobs are in real danger and their sense of job security is dwindling gradually.

In the whole conversation I have had with one of my friend recently about this subject also with few other friends one thing that stuck me was their fear on whether they could be shown the door for some unexplainable reason.

Keeping this incident (me talking to some of my friends about the job security etc.,) aside only for a moment, I shall indulge in talking about something I read on FEAR recently.

As a part of elementary reading on the subject Western Political Thought I came across a thinker Thomas Hobbes who propounded the idea of social contract and discussed in length about an important component of man’s inherent nature which is “Fear”.

If we have to for a moment assume that there are no governments or any other institutions which protects men, he will live in a continuous fear of death from his fellow human beings because there is no public interest and every one will act in his own self interest. In his words on the nature of men– “continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short” This is exactly what is his idea about man which was no doubt based on experiences of times he lived.

But the element of fear in my opinion is applicable to all times including the future. Imagine if there is no law that says that if you kill others you will be awarded death sentence, any petty fight will lead to death/s of humans, and it is because the killer knows that there is no body to question his act.

On a positive note, Fear also instills some kind of moral behavior in kids, may be that is why a mother counsels her kid no to do a certain act, if you do god will punish you. This is particularly the case in Indian society. Yes God/religion has a significant utility in keeping men sane. The Point is out of that fear of punishment kid is deterred in acting in a certain way which he could have if the fear was not instilled.
To fear is at times is a moral thing. People often say on commenting some body’s character, he is a good man because he is god fearing person etc.,

Going back to Hobbes again. As someone who is at the stage of infancy when it comes to the subject of political thought I am stunned by the way Hobbes depicted “Fear”, by saying that his mother gave birth to twins i.e., himself and fear, thereby making “Fear” his half-blood.

With due respect to Rousseau’s propounded general will and individual will, there might be few utopians who say that in liberal societies men do not have to worry about anything and his independence is absolute. Frankly speaking there is nothing called as absolutely independence but it is limited to and subjected to certain conditions.

But going back to the theme on which I have started this whole thing i.e., “Fear” of Job insecurity in a corporate especially for the white collars, it has to be noted that at the time of 2008 we have heard the arguments on for and against layoffs then few also argued that crisis was used as some kind of pretext by corporate companies to shed some waste and increase the savings.

The moment you come across a grapevine about an eventual layoff, you could see people working so diligently, so committed at least in appearance and constantly exploring avenues which could keep them in work, all this with a sense of fear and worry. Because they Fear the aftermath of an immediate job loss and worried about the monthly payments towards loans they have taken based on the hefty income they are receiving.

There is another possibility. Corporate world is filled with managers who given the chance are essentially immoral, and are constantly looking for opportunities to subjugate their subordinates at the altar of their authority and want to use grapevine to their personal benefit, so it is in our interest to identify reality of the situation.

To instill confidence I shall conclude that in India which is a booming economy and market place for the products (including services) made worldwide only next to China there is a remote possibility of jobs getting wiped off completely. So if someone was really laid off in a big corporate it may not be primarily because of some sort of economic crisis but may be they just want to rid themselves off from your inefficiency? Or a personal sweat dream and whim of an arrogant & Idiotic manager?

There by “Fear” comes in handy for a corporate to subjugate their employees. This brings us to the conclusion that it is “Fear” that subjugates men.



Monday, July 29, 2013

Women's Issues a short Introduction & Conclusion

I was recently helping out my friend in editing a portion of an yet to be published article in a journal which talks about the women's issues related to literacy and economic independence and how they can be asserted judicially. I have just written an introduction and conclusion.

Here is what I have written.

Introduction:

For so long in this country and elsewhere in places where women function in liberal democratic spaces, their battle against stereotypes and discrimination continues. After breaking out of the medieval yoke of "Women are sub-ordinate to Men"   they have come a long way but still this process is a way to go. Significant results are achieved through literacy and economic independence. The other side of argument is through literacy economic independence is achieved and economic independence is sustained by ensuring justice through legal institutions of state. This article ponders over what are the current hurdles for asserting women's equal rights vis-a-vis men's and the legal remedies available to re-establish the their rights. The judiciary being one of an important arm of a modern state must not restrict itself from adjudicating the matters brought before it but also engage in judicial activism, this may be at the risk of being called as Judicial overreach. But that appears to be the only option when things could not be handled constitutionally by the other two arms of the state ie., the executive and legislature. Though this article talks about the legal perspective but without the active support of legislature and executive there will be no salutary effect when it comes to safeguarding women's rights. We could deduce to an extent that literacy and economic independence is achieved but the bench mark should be how much of it we have achieved is indeed a moot question.

Within the context of India, historically women suffered social stigmas through centuries and through activism of few individuals and groups those taboos were either eliminated or reduced to significant levels. But the crux of modern issues with respect to women's rights is more to do with economic independence which is denied to her. And subsequently the role of legislature to empower this oppressed section of our society with a number of statutes which were liberally interpreted by our courts for the benefit of women should also be given due importance.

But if one is forced to think that despite plethora of statutes and other legal remedies why the discrimination is still perpetrated, the answer might be poor implementation of existing legal provisions, women themselves are not aware of their rights and often women lack means to pursue their goal ie., justice.

Conclusion:

After reviewing this article we could say that the legislature, executive and to an extent women themselves have to play an active role in safeguarding their rights. Though in this whole article we have kept ourselves out of sexual harassment issue because that in its own right is a substantial and a separate issue which requires to be dealt with as a distinct malady apart from regular issues of equality, economic independence and others to name a few. Though for the purpose of convenience we could always stratify the issues based on rights affected in work place, family and society etc and address each one of them at a time, issues relating to access to judicial remedies for example must be laid more emphasis and also the role of state to ensure the means and resources available for women which shall help them in asserting their rights. For issues related to workplace independent focus groups shall be formed to address routine work related issues which could also include matters related to compensation, for this ID act 1947 to be amended to distinguish women workers/employees from the general term “workers”. And the management has to be given a separate deadline to address issues related to women employees which shall address concerns in a timely manner. Government must appoint task forces to inspect whether all the provisions of statutes which are meant to take care of women's rights are implemented correctly and the institutions which did not adhere to these shall be made liable for their non-adherence. All women employees must be encouraged to engage in continuing education which shall educate them about their guaranteed legal rights. State must actively involve itself in promoting the awareness of issues relating to women's rights.